Solar yakatsanangura photovoltaics uye magetsi

Photovoltaic masero anoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi

A photovoltaic (PV) cell, inowanzonzi solar cell, isiri mechanic device inoshandura chiedza chezuva chakananga kumagetsi. Mamwe masero ePV anogona kushandura chiedza chekugadzira kuita magetsi.

Mapikicha anotakura simba rezuva

Chiedza chezuva chinoumbwa nemaphoton, kana kuti zvidimbu zvesimba rezuva. Aya mafotoni ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwesimba hunoenderana neakasiyana wavelengths ye

A

Kuyerera kwemagetsi

Kufamba kwemaerekitironi, imwe neimwe yakatakura chaji isina kunaka, yakananga kumberi kwesero kunounza kusaenzana kwechaji yemagetsi pakati pemasero ekumberi neshure. Uku kusaenzana, zvakare, kunogadzira simba remagetsi senge isina kunaka uye yakanaka materminal ebhatiri. Makondakita emagetsi pasero anotora maerekitironi. Apo ma-conductor akabatanidzwa mumagetsi emagetsi kune mutoro wekunze, sebhatiri, magetsi anoyerera munharaunda.

Kubudirira kwe photovoltaic systems kunosiyana nemhando ye photovoltaic teknolojia

Kubudirira uko masero ePV anoshandura chiedza chezuva kumagetsi anosiyana nerudzi rwe semiconductor zvinhu uye PV cell tekinoroji. Kubudirira kwePV modules inowanikwa mune zvekutengeserana yakaenzana pasi pe10% pakati pemakore ekuma1980, yakawedzera kusvika kumativi gumi neshanu kubva muna 2015, uye ikozvino yava kusvika 20% yemamodule e-state-of-the art. Kuedza PV maseru uye PV masero emisika niche, senge space satellite, akawana ingangoita 50% kunyatsoshanda.

Kuti photovoltaic systems inoshanda sei

Iyo PV sero ndiyo yekutanga chivakwa chePV system. Masero ega ega anogona kusiyana muhukuru kubva pa 0.5 inches kusvika 4 inches kuyambuka. Zvisineyi, sero rimwe chete rinongoburitsa 1 kana 2 Watts, inongove magetsi anongokwana pakushandisa zvidiki, senge emagetsi macalculator kana wriswachi.

Maseru ePV akabatanidzwa nemagetsi mupakeji, mamiriro ekunze-akasimba PV module kana mapaneru. PV modules inosiyana muhukuru uye muhuwandu hwemagetsi avanogona kugadzira. PV module magetsi ekugadzira simba anowedzera nehuwandu hwemasero mumodule kana munzvimbo yepamusoro yemodule. PV modules inogona kubatanidzwa mumapoka kuti iite PV array. A PV array inogona kuumbwa maviri kana mazana ePV modules. Huwandu hwePV modules dzakabatana muPV array inosarudza huwandu hwemagetsi ayo array anogona kugadzira.

Photovoltaic masero anogadzira yakananga ikozvino (DC) magetsi. Iyi DC magetsi inogona kushandiswa kuchaja mabhatiri ayo, zvakare, magetsi emagetsi anoshandisa yakananga ikozvino magetsi. Anenge ese magetsi anopihwa sealternating ikozvino (AC) mukufambisa magetsi uye masisitimu ekuparadzira. Midziyo yakadanwa

PV masero nemamodules anoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi kana akatarisana nezuva. PV modules uye arrays anogona kushandisa maitiro ekutsvaga anofambisa ma modules kuti agare akatarisana nezuva, asi maitiro aya anodhura. Mazhinji maPV masisitimu ane mamodules munzvimbo yakagadziriswa nemamodules akatarisana nechokumaodzanyemba (muchamhembe hemisphereâyakananga kuchamhembe kuchamhembe kwehemisphere) uye pakona inogonesa kuita kwenyama nehupfumi hwehurongwa.

Solar photovoltaic masero akaiswa muzvikamu (modules), uye mapaneru anogona kuiswa mumapoka ehukuru hwakasiyana kuti abudise diki kusvika kuhombe yemagetsi, senge yekugonesa pombi yemvura yemvura yezvipfuyo, yekupa magetsi edzimba, kana zvekushandisa- chiyero chekugadzira magetsi.

Kwakabva: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ine copyrighted)

Zvikumbiro zve photovoltaic systems

Iyo diki diki photovoltaic masisitimu emagetsi macalculator uye wristwatches. Masisitimu akakura anogona kugovera magetsi ekupomba mvura, kumichina yekufambisa magetsi, kugovera magetsi eimba imwe chete kana kuti bhizimisi, kana kuti kugadzira mitsara mikuru inogovera magetsi kuzviuru zvevatengi vemagetsi.

Mamwe mabhenefiti ePV masisitimu ari

â¢PV masisitimu anogona kugovera magetsi munzvimbo dzisina magetsi emagetsi (tambo dzemagetsi) uye anogona kupa magetsi kune imwe nzvimbo.
â¢PV arrays inogona kuiswa nekukurumidza uye inogona kuve chero saizi.
â¢Maitiro ezvakatipoteredza ePV masisitimu ari pazvivakwa ishoma.

Kwakabva: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ine copyrighted)

Kwakabva: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ine copyrighted)

Nhoroondo ye photovoltaics

Yekutanga inoshanda PV cell yakagadziriswa muna 1954 neBell Telephone vaongorori. Kutanga mukupera kwema1950, masero ePV akashandiswa kupa simba masatelliti emuchadenga eU.S. Pakupera kwema1970, mapaneru ePV aive achipa magetsi kure, kana

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) inofungidzira kuti magetsi anogadzirwa pachiyero chePV magetsi akawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni makumi manomwe nematanhatu kilowatthours (kWh) muna 2008 kusvika pamabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nepfumbamwe (kWh) muna 2019. megawati imwe) yesimba rekugadzira magetsi. EIA inofungidzira kuti mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu ekWh akagadzirwa nemagetsi madiki-akabatanidzwa PV masisitimu muna 2019, kubva pabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe kWh muna 2014. Madiki-scale PV masisitimu ane isingasviki megawati imwe yemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi. Zvizhinji zviri pazvivakwa uye dzimwe nguva zvinodaidzwa